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Scientific, Technological and Production Journal
ISSN 2079–3332 (print)
ISSN 3034-6835 (online)
founded in 2001

Analysis of rock mass structural heterogeneity at the Yubileynoye deposit open-pit mine

Original articles: 2026 No 2

Analysis of rock mass structural heterogeneity at the Yubileynoye deposit open-pit mine

DOI: 10.56195/20793332-2026-26-2-38-46

Read in pdf O. S. Kolesatova1,3, M.S. Kolkova2, E. A. Gorbatova2, А. А. Zubkov2
  1. Non-State Educational Institution of Higher Education “Technical University of UMMC”, Verkhnyaya Pyshma, Russian Federation
  2. Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University", Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation
  3. Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Ural State Mining University", Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
p. 38-46, No.2/2026
Abstract:
The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of the structural heterogeneity of the rock mass and kinematic stability of the pit walls at the Yubileynoye deposit. The aim of the work was a quantitative analysis of the spatial characteristics of fractures to assess the risks of rock mass instability and predict the occurrence of bench deformations. The study was carried out using modern remote sensing technology: photogrammetric survey with a GoPro Hero 11 Black action camera was conducted on sections of the northwestern pit wall. Data processing in the Agisoft Metashape software package made it possible to construct detailed 3D models of the benches with high resolution (GSD 2.6–5.2 mm/pix) and an error of no more than 0.036 m. Statistical analysis of the measured fracture orientation elements revealed three significant fracture systems in the areas. Their presence is confirmed by high values of the Fisher concentration parameter (κf from 39.8 to 271.1). The calculated Woodcock coefficients made it possible to identify two types of structural heterogeneity: an ordered “ideal” blocky rock mass in silicified rocks of site 1 (K = 4.026, C = 2.718) and a weakly ordered, weakened rock mass in zones of clay alteration at site 2 (K = 1.442; C = 2.121). A relationship was established between the type of heterogeneity and the potential failure mechanism. The blocky rock mass is characterized by a high risk of shear failures (probability of planar sliding up to 68.5 %, wedge sliding – 38 %), while for the weakened rock mass, the risk of toppling predominates (probability up to 25 %). The obtained results confirm that quantitative assessment of the structural heterogeneity of the rock mass is an important factor for predicting bench deformations and substantiates the need for applying a differentiated approach to managing pit wall stability. For blocky rock masses (at high K, C values), measures against shear along planes are required; for weakened zones (at low K values), control of toppling and water ingress is necessary. The developed approach is applicable for stability prediction and safety enhancement at this and similar deposits.
Keywords:
structural heterogeneity of rock mass, fracturing, photogrammetry, 3D modeling, Fisher parameter, Woodcock coefficients, kinematic analysis, pit wall stability, geomechanical risk
For citation:
Kolesatova O.S., Kolkova M.S., Gorbatova E.A., Zubkov А.А. Analysis of rock mass structural heterogeneity at the Yubileynoye deposit open-pit mine. Mine Surveying and Subsurface Use. 2026; 26 (2): 38-46. (In Russ.). https://doi. org/10.56195/20793332-2026-26-2-38-46.
Information about the authors:
  1. Oksana S. Kolesatova – Associate Professor of the Department of Mineral Deposits Development, UMMC Technical University, Verkhnyaya Pyshma, Russian Federation; https://orcid.org/0000-00029307-9779; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
  2. Maria S. Kolkova – Cand. Sci. (Geol. & Mineral.), Associate Professor of the Department of Geology, Surveying and Mineral Processing, Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after G.I. Nosov, Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation; https://orcid. org/0000-0001-5667-1629
  3. Elena A. Gorbatova – Dr. Sci. (Geol. & Mineral.), Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Surveying and Mineral Processing Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after G.I. Nosov, Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation; https://orcid. org/0000-0003-4251-2381
  4. Anton A. Zubkov – Dr. Sci. (Technical), Professor of the Department of Mineral Deposits Development, Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after G.I. Nosov, Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation
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