Application of the hydro-monitor in deep-sea hydro-mining of solid minerals from the seabed
DOI: 10.56195/20793332-2025-25-2-5-11
N. R. Pedan1, Y. A. Vasyanovych1,2
- FSBEI HE «Vladivostok State University», Vladivostok, Russian Federation
- FSAEI HE «Far Eastern Federal University», Vladivostok, Russian Federation
- Abstract:
- The article presents the results of research on the efficiency of hydro-monitors in deep-sea mining of solid minerals. It is established that the use of high-pressure water jets fed through pipelines to the hydro-monitor significantly facilitates the destruction and extraction of seabed materials. It has been determined that nozzle design and optimisation, as well as the angle of inclination of the water jet significantly affect the extraction efficiency. It is shown that the use of camouflage blasting in combination with erlift minimises environmental impact compared to conventional mining methods. Hydromonitors are found to reduce the environmental footprint associated with deepwater mining and are consistent with sustainable development goals. Innovative approaches that minimise the destruction of marine ecosystems while maximising resource recovery are evaluated. The advantages of hydro-monitors in improving extraction efficiency, safety and environmental sustainability are presented. The results of the research may be useful in developing operational protocols for deep-sea mining with a focus on sustainable practices, as well as for improving the technologies used in hydro-mining.
- Keywords:
- hydromonitor, deep-sea mining, solid minerals, seabed, camouflage blasting, erlift, hydro mining, rock scouring
- For citation:
- Pedan NR, Vasyanovych YA. Application of the hydro-monitor in deep-sea hydro-mining of solid minerals from the seabed. Mine Surveying and Subsurface Use. 2025;25(2):5-11. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.56195/20793332-2025-25-2-5-11.
Comparative analysis of blasting quality under different charging methods in waterlogged conditions (on the example of the Pervorechenskoye andesite deposit)
DOI: 10.56195/20793332-2025-25-2-12-18
А. R. Tukhbatulin1, Yu. A. Vasyanovich1,2
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Vladivostok State University», Vladivostok, Russian Federation
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Far Eastern Federal University», Primorsky Krai, Russian Federation
- Abstract:
- The application of emulsion explosive in the development of deposits by drilling and blasting method in the Primorsky Krai is considered. Special attention is paid to the methods of charging this substance, their efficiency and influence on the quality of drilling and blasting operations on the day surface. The methods of charging wells are described, including mechanized, using a mixing and charging machine, and manual. Features of each method, their advantages and disadvantages, influence on the final result of drilling and blasting works are discussed. A comparative analysis of the quality of blasting at manual and mechanized charging of watered holes in open pit mining operations is carried out. The results of research can be useful in the practical activities of mining enterprises, in scientific developments aimed at improving the technology of drilling and blasting operations.
- Keywords:
- blasting operations, emulsion explosives, water-saturated conditions, charging methods, rock fragmentation, open-pit mining
- For citation:
- Tukhbatulin АR, Vasyanovich YuA. Comparative analysis of blasting quality under different charging methods in waterlogged conditions (on the example of the Pervorechenskoye andesite deposit). Mine Surveying and Subsurface Use. 2025;25(2):1218. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.56195/20793332-2025-25-2-12-18.
Review of promising monitoring systems for drainage installations in the construction of the underground part of the metro
DOI: 10.56195/20793332-2025-25-2-19-25
E. A. Aleksandrov
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «National University of Science and Technology MISiS», Moscow, Russian Federation
- Abstract:
- The article describes the possible conditions for the application and distinctive features of drainage installations during the construction of the underground part of the metro. The most common causes of performance degradation or failure of pumping equipment are identified, including pump clogging, bearing failures, leaks due to seal defects, as well as severe malfunctions requiring replacement (stator burnout or impeller damage). The feasibility of implementing a condition-based monitoring system applicable to the main groups of failures occurring during the operation of pumping equipment is considered. A review of existing and prospective monitoring methods for drainage systems and commercially available electronic pump control units is provided, including: spectral analysis of currents in the drive induction motor, installation of sensors for key pump output parameters (pressure, fluid flow rate), spectral analysis and overall vibration level of the hydraulic and electrical components of the pump, use of an interturn short circuit analyzer, methods for detecting cavitation in the pump (registration of mechanical vibrations, high-frequency pressure pulsations, acoustic noise, and visual patterns), as well as the potential application of large-scale vibration monitoring systems based on machine learning and fuzzy logic. Recommendations are provided regarding the feasibility of applying such monitoring systems.
- Keywords:
- subway, construction, pump, drainage system, cavitation, spectral analysis, vibration monitoring, inter-turn short circuit, machine learning, pressure sensor, asynchronous motor
- For citation:
- Aleksandrov EA. Review of promising monitoring systems for drainage installations in the construction of the underground part of the metro. Mine Surveying and Subsurface Use. 2025;25(2):19-25. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.56195/20793332-2025-25-2-19-25.
Physico-mathematical modeling of ore drawing under collapsed rocks during the development of inter-floor pillars with a floor-chamber mining system
DOI: 10.56195/20793332-2025-25-2-26-32
B. A. Akhpashev, A. I. Golovanov, I. I. Demchenko
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
- Abstract:
- The work is devoted to the physico-mathematical modeling of ore drawing under collapsed rocks during the development of inter-floor pillars (IFP) with a floor-chamber mining system. During the research, the physical modeling of the ore drawing the development of the IFP on a scale of 1:100 was initially applied. A 3D model of ore mass production has been developed for further economic and mathematical modeling of the development of the inter-floor pillars. Mathematical modeling of the ore drawing release process made it possible to establish the dependences of the formation of loss and dilution values on the amount of released rock mass under various parameters of ore bodies and their occurrence conditions. The obtained results of physico-mathematical modeling were used in the normalization of losses and quality for this development system.
- Keywords:
- underground development, development systems, pillar extraction, inter-floor pillars, loss and dilution values, physical and mathematical modeling
- For citation:
- Akhpashev BA, Golovanov AI, Demchenko II. Physico-mathematical modeling of ore drawing under collapsed rocks during the development of inter-floor pillars with a floor-chamber mining system. Mine Surveying and Subsurface Use. 2025;25(2):2632. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.56195/20793332-2025-25-2-26-32.
Development of a methodology for real-time monitoring of air saturation levels in grouting mixtures
DOI: 10.56195/20793332-2025-25-2-33-40
M. S. Pesochinskiy, A. N. Anushenkov
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Siberian Federal University», Institute of Mining, Geology and Geotechnology, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
- Abstract:
- This article focuses on the development and implementation of a methodology for real-time monitoring of air saturation levels in grouting mixtures. The research utilized a specially designed setup replicating aeration and transportation processes. The equipment ensemble, including a displacement pump, pipelines, mainline and bottom aerators, and precision measuring instruments, facilitated a comprehensive analysis of the impact of air on viscosity, density, and pressure losses. Mathematical modeling complemented the experimental findings, enabling the determination of optimal parameters for aeration system operation. The results demonstrate that increasing the air content in the mixture to 5% significantly reduces viscosity, improves flowability, and decreases hydraulic losses. The developed methodology exhibits the capability to adapt mixture properties dynamically to changing operational conditions, thereby reducing costs and enhancing productivity. Furthermore, optimizing the use of materials and energy contributes to the environmental sustainability of the process. The findings establish a scientific foundation for the broader application of the proposed methodology in construction and mining industries. This innovation offers promising opportunities for improving the efficiency of technological operations while ensuring reliability, resilience, and economic feasibility in production processes.
- Keywords:
- rheological properties, backfill mixtures, air saturation, pipeline, underground excavation
- For citation:
- Pesochinskiy MS, Anushenkov AN. Development of a methodology for real-time monitoring of air saturation levels in grouting mixtures. Mine Surveying and Subsurface Use. 2025;25(2):33-40. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.56195/20793332-2025-25-2-33-40.
Peculiarities and prospects for the use of liquefied natural gas as a gas motor fuel in motor vehicles
DOI: 10.56195/20793332-2025-25-2-41-48
G. M. Dubov, M. Yu. Yatsevich, D. M. Yakobson, D. A. Boronenkov
- T. F. Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
- Abstract:
- The article analyzes the environmental advantages, economic aspects and technical features of using liquefied natural gas as a motor fuel. In particular, the advantage of using natural gas in relation to petroleum fuel in terms of reducing harmful emissions is substantiated. The economic feasibility of its introduction and application is substantiated by a number of factors. Comparative data on the efficiency of natural gas use as a motor fuel depending on its aggregate state (compressed and liquefied) are given. Special attention is paid to the state of infrastructure and the situation on the LNG market in Russia. Data on gasification of technological transport in Russia are given. The article substantiates the assertion that the Russian LNG market as a gas motor fuel is underdeveloped in relation to foreign countries. And this, in particular, is confirmed by the underdeveloped production of low-tonnage LNG and refueling infrastructure. On the basis of the analysis the conclusions are presented that at present there is insufficient scientific research in terms of assessment and substantiation of features and prospects of LNG application as a motor fuel, including technological quarry transport.
- Keywords:
- liquefied natural gas, compressed natural gas, technological quarry transportation, environmental benefits, economic aspects, technical features
- For citation:
- Dubov GM, Yatsevich MYu, Yakobson DM, еt al. Peculiarities and prospects for the use of liquefied natural gas as a gas motor fuel in motor vehicles. Mine Surveying and Subsurface Use. 2025;25(2):41-48. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.56195/207933322025-25-2-41-48.
Organizational and managerial problems of effective development of alluvial gold mining: trends, options for solution
DOI: 10.56195/20793332-2025-25-2-53-59
G. S. Mirzekhanov1, Z. G. Mirzekhanova2
- Institute of Mining Engineering, FEB RAS, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation
- Institute of Water and Ecological Problems, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation
- Abstract:
- Effective development of alluvial gold mining depends on many factors. One of them is imperfection of legislation, which results in problems not only for the enterprises extracting metal, but also for the industry and the state. Some of the problems are aggravated by the incompetence and bias of inspection bodies, some of them – by misunderstanding of the current situation «on the ground». The paper considers only 4 groups of problems, the most significant at the moment. Negative aspects of the problems for the participants of the alluvial gold mining process and the country are revealed. For each group of problems a very brief analysis of their manifestation is presented and possible options for their resolution are proposed.
- Keywords:
- alluvial gold mining, industry development, problems, legislation, solution options
- For citation:
- Mirzekhanov GS, Mirzekhanova ZG. Organizational and managerial problems of effective development of alluvial gold mining: trends, options for solution. Mine Surveying and Subsurface Use. 2025;25(2):53-59. (In Russ.). https://doi. org/10.56195/20793332-2025-25-2-53-59.
Study of the gas permeability of permeability of rock interplates after their undermining and overworking, taking into account geodynamic and geomechanical factors
DOI: 10.56195/20793332-2025-25-2-60-68
M. G. Lupiy
- JSC SUEK-Kuzbass, Leninsk-Kuznetsky, Russian Federation
- Abstract:
- The article presents a forecast of geodynamic and geomechanical processes during coal seam extraction that affect methane emissions in mines. An analysis of geomechanical processes has been conducted, and the periods of non-steady and steadystate displacements in the undermined and overworked strata of the rock mass have been identified. It has been established that if the dimensions of the unloaded zones along the strike and dip do not exceed the extent of the active zones, the entire surface of the satellite is an actively gas-emitting surface. The highest porosity and gas permeability of the undermined and overworked strata are observed in the active part of the displacement zone. An approximate analytical solution to the inverse filtration problem of methane flow from the undermined and overworked seams is presented. An equation has been derived to calculate the average values of the gas permeability coefficient of the surrounding rocks, depending on the thickness of the interlayer rocks, the advance rate of the working face, and other mining factors. The results of the calculations can be used to predict gas emissions from adjacent seams and in the design of degassing. A methodology for predicting methane content in development workings driven through overworked seams is provided, taking into account changes in methane content and filtration properties of the rock mass due to overworking. The methodology is based on initial data known at the design stage and considers the main parameters determining the methane content in development workings.
- Keywords:
- degassing, coal seam, rock permeability, methane content, undermining and overworking of seams, methane, development workings, gas emission
- For citation:
- Lupiy MG. Study of the gas permeability of permeability of rock interplates after their undermining and overworking, taking into account geodynamic and geomechanical factors. Mine Surveying and Subsurface Use. 2025;25(2):60-68. (In Russ.). https:// doi.org/10.56195/20793332-2025-25-2-60-68.
Development of an algorithm for creating a stochastic structural 3D geological model using Markov processes
DOI: 10.56195/20793332-2025-25-2-69-75
А. А. Basargin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «Institute for Problems of Comprehensive Development of Subsoil Academician N. V. Melnikov» of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Abstract:
- The paper presents the results of applying an algorithm for creating a stochastic structural 3D geological model using Markov processes to constrain the resulting series of probability models. The analysis of methods for creating multivariate Markov chain models using an approximate Bayesian computational approach is presented to avoid specifying the likelihood function for a digital deposit model. A probabilistic geomodeling approach is justified for capturing uncertainty by automatically constructing a series of geomodels from perturbed input data sampled from probability distributions at the mineral deposit. An algorithm for creating a stochastic structural 3D geological mo del that can infer posterior distributions of the model paramet ers using topological information about the mineral deposit is described in detail. This may lead to unreliable estimates of the resulting digital deposit models, such as underestimation of small classes (i.e. classes with areas smaller than the average) in the simulated realizations.
- Keywords:
- structural geomodeling, Markov processes, geostatistics, topology label matrix, fold stratigraphy
- For citation:
- Basargin АА. Development of an algorithm for creating a stochastic structural 3D geological model using Мarkov processes. Mine Surveying and Subsurface Use. 2025;25(2):69-75. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.56195/20793332-2025-25-2-69-75.
Analysis of certification issues in the field of industrial safety according to section B.6 «Requirements for surveying for safe mining operations»
DOI: 10.56195/20793332-2025-25-2-76-83
O. N. Gorbunov, A. O. Drozdov
- Gazprom Neft PJSC, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Abstract:
- The article provides an analysis of testing issues in the field of industrial safety in section B.6.5 «Surveying for the safe conduct of mining operations during the development of hydrocarbon deposits and hydromineral resources». It has been established that the testing issues are divorced from the practice of surveying activities and do not reflect the specifics of surveying work in the development of UVS deposits, as well as the position held and the work performed by the surveyors. The results of the analysis may be useful in revising the existing Rostechnadzor order approving testing issues under the section «Requirements for surveying for safe mining operations».
- Keywords:
- industrial safety, field of certification, certification in the field of industrial safety, testing issues
- For citation:
- Gorbunov ON, Drozdov AO. Analysis of certification issues in the field of industrial safety according to section B.6 «Requirements for surveying for safe mining operations». Mine Surveying and Subsurface Use. 2025;25(2):76-83. (In Russ.). https:// doi.org/10.56195/20793332-2025-25-2-76-83.
Hydrogeological justification of the effective operation of the underground drainage complex of quarry the Mikhailovsky mpp named after A. V. Varichev
DOI: 10.56195/20793332-2025-25-2-84-91
V. V. Kushnerchuk1, V.V. Khaustov1, L.A. Semenova2, A.I. Karnyushkin3, V.V. Simonyan4
- Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russian Federation
- Southwestern State University, Kursk, Russian Federation
- Moscow State Technical University named after M. E. Bauman, Moscow, Russian Federation
- National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Abstract:
- The drainage of the quarry of the Mikhailovskoye iron ore deposit is carried out by a combined surface and underground method. With the planned development of the quarry in the north-west direction, the size of its drainage contour increases accordingly, which contributes to the growth of water inflows. It has been established that in recent years the average annual water inflow to the mine drainage varies within 2150...2830 m3/h. It was revealed that the absolutely largest part of the water inflows into the quarry falls on the Bathonian aquifer – 1 500 m3/h (77 %). In this regard, a forecast of water inflows from the Bathonian aquifer is made taking into account the expansion and deepening of the quarry bowl. To assess and predict the flooding of the quarry from the Bathonian sands, a numerical model of geofiltration of the Mikhailovskoye iron ore deposit area has been developed. The predictive modeling was carried out taking into account the construction of an additional drainage drift to the boundaries of the mining allotment for the placement of rising drainage boreholes on the Bathonian sands, since the existing drainage structures (drifts with rising boreholes) will be undermined by the quarry and partially decommissioned. It was found that the specific inflow on the north-western side of the quarry as a result of the construction of a drainage drift at the boundaries of the mining allotment will decrease by 1.5 times (from 1.2 to 0.8 m3/ day per 1 running meter of slope). Based on the results of predictive calculations of the total inflow of ground and surface water into the quarry, the required amount was substantiated and a layout diagram for the drainage units of rising drainage boreholes was developed to ensure effective drainage of the Mikhailovskoye iron ore deposit quarry up to 2032.
- Keywords:
- deposit, hydrogeological conditions, groundwater, water inflow, drainage, side work, rising drainage wells
- For citation:
- Kushnerchuk VV, Khaustov VV, Semenova LA, et al. Hydrogeological justification of the effective operation of the underground drainage complex of quarry the Mikhailovsky MPP named after A. V. Varichev. Mine Surveying and Subsurface Use. 2025;25(2):84-91. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.56195/20793332-2025-25-2-84-91.
Analyzing the impact of automation on safety and productivity in the construction of underground mine workings
DOI: 10.56195/20793332-2025-25-2-92-96
A. E. Karvanen1, A. N. Anushenkov2, S. V. Anushenkov3
- Polar Construction Company, LLC, Norilsk, Russian Federation
- Siberian Federal University, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
- Siberia-Polymetals, JSC, Rubtsovsk, Russian Federation
- Abstract:
- In today’s environment, the mining industry is facing challenges such as increasing requirements for work safety, increasing productivity and optimizing costs. In this regard, automation and robotization of mining operations represent a promising solution to these challenges. The paper considers different types of automation - from existing software products, to industrial equipment and automated systems that allow specialists to control different processes in underground mine workings. In addition, the paper provides an overview of the world’s leading companies that produce various automation systems for underground mining operations. The paper emphasizes that it is necessary to carefully study both the benefits and risks of automation in order to make an informed decision about its implementation.
- Keywords:
- automation, robotization, safety, productivity, mining operations, underground mine workings
- For citation:
- Karvanen AE, Anushenkov AN, Anushenkov SV. Analyzing the impact of automation on safety and productivity in the construction of underground mine workings. Mine Surveying and Subsurface Use. 2025;25(2):92-96. (In Russ.). https://doi. org/10.56195/20793332-2025-25-2-92-96.
Ensuring the safety of mining operations in difficult mining and geological conditions
DOI: 10.56195/20793332-2025-25-2-97-104
A. N. Anushenkov, N. V. Firsov
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
- Abstract:
- The article discusses current issues of ensuring the safety of mining operations in difficult mining and geological conditions using reinforced combined support (RCS) in the face area and modern methods of roof management. The main advantages of using RCS to strengthen the face and prevent collapses in unstable rock massifs are described. Innovative methods for monitoring and managing roof stress, as well as the use of hybrid fastening systems to improve roof stability in complex conditions are considered. Particular attention is paid to the practical significance of new technologies for improving the safety and efficiency of mining operations. New roof management technologies are described, including stress monitoring and control systems, as well as hybrid fastening systems. The results of assessing the effectiveness of these methods in improving safety and reducing risks during mining operations are presented. It is concluded that the integration of these methods into the mining industry helps to reduce risks and improve productivity when driving in complex geology.
- Keywords:
- mining, mine safety, reinforced combined support (RCS), roof management, stress monitoring, face reinforcement, complex geological conditions, hybrid support systems, collapse prevention
- For citation:
- Anushenkov AN, Firsov NV. Ensuring the safety of mining operations in difficult mining and geological conditions. Mine Surveying and Subsurface Use. 2025;25(2):97-104. https://doi.org/10.56195/20793332-2025-25-2-97-104.
